IELTS Writing · 5

The bar chart compares how much single-use plastic was used per person each year, measured in kilograms, across four countries in 2015 and 2023. Overall, three of the four countries reduced their per capita plastic consumption over the period, while only Country B saw an increase. Country C and Country A recorded the most significant declines. In 2015, Country C had the highest consumption at 52 kg per person, followed by Country A with 45 kg. By 2023, however, Country C's figure had fallen dramatically to just 22 kg, making it lower than both Country A and Country B. Country A also dropped considerably, from 45 kg to 30 kg. In contrast, Country B was the only nation to use more plastic, rising slightly from 38 kg to 41 kg, which made it the highest consumer by 2023. Country D consistently had the lowest usage, declining modestly from 27 kg to 19 kg. Thus, the gap between the highest and lowest consumers narrowed noticeably.

Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time. While some argue that governments should impose a complete ban on single-use plastics, others maintain that promoting education and recycling offers a more practical path. In my view, a combination of both approaches is necessary, though a ban on the most harmful items is justified. Those who favour an outright ban point to the immediate impact it can have. When products like plastic bags and straws are simply removed from shops, consumption falls instantly, as has been seen in countries that introduced such measures. A ban also sends a clear signal that the issue is serious, forcing manufacturers to develop biodegradable alternatives. Without legal pressure, businesses have little incentive to change. On the other hand, critics argue that bans alone do not address the root of the problem, which is consumer behaviour. If people do not understand why plastic is damaging, they may turn to equally harmful substitutes or dispose of waste irresponsibly. Education campaigns and efficient recycling systems, by contrast, build long-term awareness and allow existing plastics to be reused rather than discarded. In my opinion, neither strategy is sufficient on its own. Banning the worst offenders, such as thin plastic bags and unnecessary packaging, delivers fast results, while education ensures that habits genuinely change over time. Recycling schemes can then manage the plastic that remains in circulation. In conclusion, although a ban is an effective starting point, lasting progress depends on combining regulation with public education and robust recycling. Only an integrated approach will meaningfully reduce plastic waste.